Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine.Tranexamic acid (commonly marketed in tablet form as Lysteda and in IV form as Cyklokapron in the U.S. and as Transamin,Transcam in Asia, and Espercil in South America) is often prescribed for excessive bleeding.

 Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic that competitively inhibits the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, a molecule responsible for the degradation of fibrin. Fibrin is the basic framework for the formation of a blood clot in hemostasis.Tranexamic acid has roughly 8 times the antifibrinolytic activity of an older analogue, E-aminocaproic acid.

Tranexamic acid is frequently used in surgeries with high risk of blood loss such as cardiac, liver, vascular and large orthopedic procedures. Its oral form is now being evaluated for use in outpatient conditions involving heavy bleeding.

1. Menstrual bleeding of Pure Tranexamic Acid

Pure Tranexamic acid exerts its antifibrinolytic effect through the reversible blockade of lysine-binding sites on plasminogen molecules.Tranexamic acid inhibits endometrial plasminogen activator and thus prevents fibrinolysis and the breakdown of blood clots.Tranexamic acid is used as firstline nonhormonal treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and heavy bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. The histological appearance of the necrosis in women treated by tranexamic acid is no different from the spontaneous incidence of thrombosis.

2. Orthopedic Surgery of Pure Tranexamic Acid

Pure Tranexamic acid is used in orthopedic surgery to reduce bloodloss. Tranexamic acid is of proven value in clearing the field of surgery and reducing pre- and postoperative blood loss.Drain and number of transfusions are reduced. Tranexamic acid is commonly used in joint replacement surgery.

3. Trauma of Pure Tranexamic Acid

Pure Tranexamic acid should be considered for use in bleeding trauma patients.

4. Dentistry of Pure Tranexamic Acid

Pure Tranexamic acid is used in dentistry in the form of a 5% mouth rinse after extractions or surgery in patients with prolonged bleeding time, e.g. from acquired or inherited disorders.

5. In obstetrics, tranexamic acid is used after delivery to reduce bleeding, often with syntocinon/ oxytocin and fundal massage. A major trial is in progress worldwide to establish the efficacy of the drug to arrest postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Since the drug can be administered orally, it has great potential to reduce maternal mortality rates in developing countries where primary healthcare is often unavailable.

6. In cardiac surgery, e.g. coronary artery bypass surgery, it is used to prevent excessive blood loss. In hemophilia - Tranexamic acid is also useful in the treatment of bleeding as a second line treatment after factor VIII in patients (e.g. tooth extraction).

 7. Whitening effect

Clinical studies for years have proved that tranexamic acid can dilute spot effectively and rapidly, which helps to demonstrate a perfect white and bright skin. The spot-removing effect of tranexamic acid is about 50 times over Vitamin C, and 10 times over AHA. The concentration limit of usage is 2%-3%, and in cosmetics the amount is around 0.5%.

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